Immersed virtual element methods for electromagnetic interface problems in three dimensions

Finite element methods for electromagnetic problems modeled by Maxwell-type equations are highly sensitive to the conformity of approximation spaces, and non-conforming may cause loss convergence. This fact leads an essential obstacle almost all interface-unfitted mesh in literature regarding application interface problems, as they based on spaces. In this work, a novel immersed virtual method solving three-dimensional (3D) H(curl) problem is developed, motivation combine spaces robust capabilities finite The proposed able achieve optimal To develop systematic framework, [Formula: see text], H(div) their corresponding problem-orientated considered together. addition, de Rham complex will be established which Hiptmair–Xu (HX) preconditioner can used fast solver problem.